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| 1848 |
| | | The Wilmot Proviso is defeated in the US Senate, heightening north-south tensions on the issue of slavery | |
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| 1849 |
| | | Giuseppe Garibaldi arrives from exile in South America to defend the new Roman republic against a French army | |
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| 1850 |
| | | Brazil, historically the world's second largest importer of slaves from Africa, finally bans the slave trade | |
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| 1852 |
| | | In an Argentinian civil war, Urquiza defeats the dictator Rosas and is subsequently elected president (in 1854) | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Antoinette Brown becomes the first female to be ordained a minister in the USA, in the First Congregational Church in South Butler, NY | |
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| 1860 |
| | | South Carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the Union in response to Lincoln's election | |
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| 1861 |
| | | At Pavón the provincial troops of Buenos Aires defeat the Argentinian national army, emphatically demonstrating the power of their city | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Grant moves south in a hard-fought campaign to pin down Lee's Confederate army at Petersburg, near Richmond | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López starts a war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay which eventually kills more than half his population | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The Argentine Rural Society is founded as the exclusive preserve of Argentina's oligarchy | |
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